Ketorolac Injection: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions, FAQs, and More
Managing pain effectively is a critical part of medical care, especially after surgery, injuries, or painful health conditions. While there are many pain-relieving medicines available, some situations require stronger medications that work quickly. Ketorolac injection is one such option, commonly prescribed in hospitals to provide short-term relief from moderate to severe pain.
In this blog, we will explore everything you need to know about Ketorolac injection, including its uses, mechanism, dosage, side effects, precautions, and frequently asked questions.
What is Ketorolac Injection?
Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by blocking the production of substances called prostaglandins, which cause inflammation, pain, and fever in the body. Unlike opioids, Ketorolac does not cause dependence, but it is generally used for a short period because of potential side effects when used long term.
The injection form of Ketorolac is often used in hospitals or clinical settings for quick pain relief. It is given either intramuscularly (into a muscle) or intravenously (into a vein).
Uses of Ketorolac Injection
Ketorolac is prescribed for short-term pain management where fast and strong relief is needed. Its common uses include:
1. Post-Surgical Pain
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Frequently used after surgeries such as orthopedic procedures, abdominal surgeries, or gynecological operations.
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Provides effective pain relief without the need for opioids in many cases.
2. Trauma and Injury
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Used for pain caused by fractures, sprains, or injuries requiring immediate treatment.
3. Kidney Stone Pain (Renal Colic)
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Helps relieve the intense pain caused by kidney stones.
4. Musculoskeletal Pain
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Useful for back pain, joint pain, or severe muscular aches.
5. Cancer-Related Pain
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Sometimes used in combination with other pain relievers to manage cancer-related pain.
Important: Ketorolac is intended for short-term use only (up to 5 days) because prolonged use increases the risk of serious side effects.
How Does Ketorolac Injection Work?
Ketorolac belongs to the NSAID class of drugs. It works by:
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Inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2).
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This blocks the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain, inflammation, and swelling.
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As a result, patients experience reduced pain and inflammation.
Unlike opioids, it does not affect the central nervous system or cause addiction, but it can affect the stomach, kidneys, and heart if not used carefully.
Dosage of Ketorolac Injection
The dosage of Ketorolac varies depending on the patient’s age, health condition, and severity of pain. It should always be given under medical supervision.
Adults
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Usual dose: 30 mg intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV) every 6 hours as needed.
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Maximum dose: 120 mg per day.
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For less severe pain or patients with low body weight: 15 mg every 6 hours.
Elderly (65 years and above)
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Dose is usually reduced to 15 mg every 6 hours (maximum 60 mg per day) due to higher risk of side effects.
Children
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Not usually recommended in children below 17 years, except under strict medical supervision.
Duration of Use
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Should not be used for more than 5 days (including both injection and oral form if switched).
Side Effects of Ketorolac Injection
Like all medicines, Ketorolac can cause side effects. Some are mild and temporary, while others may require immediate medical attention.
Common Side Effects
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Nausea and vomiting
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Stomach pain or indigestion
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Dizziness or drowsiness
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Injection site pain or redness
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Headache
Serious Side Effects
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Stomach or intestinal bleeding (symptoms: black stools, blood in vomit, severe stomach pain)
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Kidney problems (reduced urine output, swelling in legs, weight gain, fatigue)
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Liver damage (yellowing of eyes/skin, dark urine, abdominal pain)
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Heart-related issues (chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat)
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Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling of face/tongue, difficulty breathing)
If any serious side effects occur, immediate medical help is needed.
Precautions Before Using Ketorolac Injection
Ketorolac should be used with caution in certain situations. Always inform your doctor if you have:
1. Allergies
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Do not use if you are allergic to Ketorolac, aspirin, or other NSAIDs.
2. Stomach and Intestinal Issues
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Not recommended for patients with active ulcers, bleeding, or history of gastrointestinal problems.
3. Kidney or Liver Problems
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Dose adjustments or alternative medications may be needed.
4. Heart Conditions
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Use with caution in patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, or risk of stroke.
5. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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Not recommended in late pregnancy as it may harm the fetus or cause complications during delivery.
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Should be avoided during breastfeeding unless prescribed.
6. Other Precautions
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Avoid alcohol, as it increases the risk of stomach bleeding.
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Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you feel dizzy or drowsy after the injection.
Drug Interactions of Ketorolac Injection
Ketorolac may interact with other medicines, leading to increased side effects or reduced effectiveness. Common interactions include:
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Blood thinners (warfarin, heparin) – higher risk of bleeding.
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Other NSAIDs or aspirin – increased stomach irritation and bleeding.
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Corticosteroids (prednisone, dexamethasone) – increased gastrointestinal risk.
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Diuretics and ACE inhibitors – reduced kidney function.
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Lithium – increased lithium levels in blood (toxic effects).
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Methotrexate – higher risk of toxicity.
Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking before starting Ketorolac.
FAQs about Ketorolac Injection
1. What is Ketorolac injection used for?
It is used for short-term relief of moderate to severe pain, especially after surgeries, injuries, or kidney stone pain.
2. How quickly does Ketorolac injection work?
It usually starts working within 30 minutes, and the effect may last for 4–6 hours.
3. Can Ketorolac injection be given at home?
It is generally given in hospitals or clinics by healthcare professionals. In rare cases, it may be administered at home under strict medical supervision.
4. Is Ketorolac stronger than morphine?
Ketorolac is not an opioid like morphine but can provide similar pain relief for certain types of pain, especially post-surgical pain. However, it should not be used for chronic or long-term pain.
5. Can I drink alcohol while taking Ketorolac?
No. Alcohol increases the risk of stomach bleeding and should be avoided.
6. Why is Ketorolac not used for more than 5 days?
Prolonged use increases the risk of stomach bleeding, kidney damage, and heart issues. Therefore, it is restricted to short-term use only.
7. Is Ketorolac safe during pregnancy?
It should be avoided, especially in the third trimester, as it may harm the unborn baby and cause complications during labor.
8. What should I do if I miss a dose?
Ketorolac injection is usually given on a fixed schedule in hospitals, so missing a dose is rare. If you miss a scheduled dose, inform your doctor.
Key Takeaways
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Ketorolac injection is a strong NSAID used for short-term relief of moderate to severe pain.
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It is commonly used after surgery, injuries, or kidney stone pain.
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The medication should not be used for more than 5 days due to risk of side effects.
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Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, and stomach upset, while serious risks include stomach bleeding, kidney problems, and heart complications.
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Always use under strict medical supervision, especially if you have kidney, liver, heart, or stomach issues.
Conclusion
Ketorolac injection is an effective and fast-acting option for pain management, especially in hospital settings. While it offers strong pain relief without the addictive risks of opioids, it must be used responsibly due to its potential side effects. With proper precautions and medical supervision, Ketorolac can be a valuable tool in controlling pain after surgery or injury.