Diclofenac Tablet: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More

Diclofenac is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that helps alleviate pain and inflammation. Available in various forms, including tablets, it’s frequently prescribed for conditions such as arthritis, menstrual pain, and other musculoskeletal issues. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about diclofenac tablets.

What is Diclofenac?

Diclofenac is an NSAID that reduces substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation. It’s available under various brand names, such as Voltaren, Cataflam, and Zipsor, and comes in several forms, including oral tablets, topical gels, and injectable solutions. This post focuses on the oral tablet form.

Uses of Diclofenac Tablets

1. Pain Relief

Diclofenac is effective for short-term pain relief, making it a common choice for postoperative pain, dental pain, and injury-related pain.

2. Inflammatory Conditions

The drug is extensively used for chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, including:

• Osteoarthritis: It helps reduce pain and swelling in joints, improving function.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diclofenac alleviates joint inflammation, reducing pain and improving mobility.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: It helps manage spinal inflammation and pain.

3. Menstrual Pain

Diclofenac is also prescribed for dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods), where it helps reduce menstrual cramps and discomfort.

How Diclofenac Works

Diclofenac works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which play a crucial role in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking these enzymes, diclofenac reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain.

Dosage and Administration

General Guidelines

• Adults: The typical dosage ranges from 50 mg to 150 mg per day, divided into two or three doses.
• Osteoarthritis: 100-150 mg per day in divided doses.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: 150-200 mg per day in divided doses.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: 100-125 mg per day, taken as 25 mg four times daily, with an extra 25 mg dose at bedtime if needed.

Always follow your doctor’s prescription and guidelines, as dosages can vary based on individual health conditions and response to treatment.

Administration Tips

• Take diclofenac tablets with a full glass of water.
• To minimize stomach upset, take the medication with food or milk.
• Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after taking the tablet.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.
• Dizziness and Headache: These are relatively common but usually mild.

Serious Side Effects

• Cardiovascular Risks: Increased risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly with long-term use or in high doses.
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Risk of ulcers and bleeding in the stomach or intestines.
• Liver and Kidney Damage: Long-term use can lead to liver and kidney problems.

Allergic Reactions

• Swelling of the face, tongue, or throat.
• Severe skin rashes.
• Difficulty breathing.

If you experience any severe side effects or signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention immediately.

Precautions and Warnings

Before Taking Diclofenac

• Inform your doctor about any allergies, pre-existing conditions, and all medications you are taking.
• Discuss any history of heart disease, high blood pressure, liver or kidney disease, gastrointestinal issues, or asthma.

During Treatment

• Avoid alcohol, as it can increase the risk of stomach bleeding.
• Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as black or tarry stools or vomiting blood.
• Regularly check blood pressure, liver function, and kidney function during long-term use.

Special Populations

• Pregnant Women: Diclofenac is generally not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to risks to the fetus.
• Breastfeeding Mothers: The drug can pass into breast milk, so consult your doctor before use.
• Elderly Patients: Higher risk of serious side effects, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney problems.

Interactions with Other Medications

Diclofenac can interact with several medications, potentially altering their effects or increasing the risk of side effects. Key interactions include:

• Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin): Increased risk of bleeding.
• Other NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Aspirin): Increased risk of gastrointestinal issues.
• Corticosteroids: Increased risk of ulcers and bleeding.
• Blood Pressure Medications (e.g., ACE Inhibitors, Diuretics): Reduced effectiveness of these medications and potential kidney damage.
• Lithium and Methotrexate: Increased blood levels of these drugs, leading to toxicity.

Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking.

Overdose

An overdose of diclofenac can cause severe symptoms, including:

• Severe stomach pain.
• Vomiting blood or resembling coffee grounds.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Seizures.

In case of an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Conclusion

Diclofenac tablets are a valuable option for managing pain and inflammation associated with various conditions. However, due to the risk of significant side effects and interactions, it’s crucial to use this medication under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Always adhere to the prescribed dosage and be aware of potential side effects and interactions with other medications. By taking appropriate precautions, diclofenac can effectively enhance your quality of life by managing pain and inflammation.

Also read: Minoxidil Tablet: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More