Cefixime Tablet: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More

Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Available in tablet form, Cefixime is commonly prescribed for infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, gonorrhea, and infections of the ear, throat, and urinary tract. This comprehensive guide explores the uses, side effects, dosage, precautions, and other essential aspects of Cefixime tablets.

Uses of Cefixime Tablets

Cefixime is used to treat several bacterial infections, including:

1. Respiratory Tract Infections: Such as pneumonia and bronchitis, where it combats bacteria causing inflammation in the lungs and airways.
2. Otitis Media: Middle ear infections commonly seen in children.
3. Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Infections of the throat and tonsils typically caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
4. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Infections involving the bladder and kidneys.
5. Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
6. Sinusitis: Infections of the sinus cavities.
7. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Various infections affecting the skin and underlying tissues.

Mechanism of Action

Cefixime works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) inside the bacterial cell wall, preventing the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis, which is essential for cell wall integrity. This inhibition results in the weakening and eventual rupture of the bacterial cell wall, leading to the death of the bacteria.

Dosage

The dosage of Cefixime can vary based on the type and severity of the infection, as well as patient-specific factors such as age and kidney function. Generally, the following dosages are recommended:

• Adults and Children Over 12 Years: The standard dose is 400 mg daily, which can be taken as a single dose or divided into two doses (200 mg every 12 hours).
• Children 6 Months to 12 Years: The dose is typically 8 mg/kg of body weight per day, administered as a single dose or divided into two doses (4 mg/kg every 12 hours).

For specific infections like uncomplicated gonorrhea, a single dose of 400 mg is usually effective. Always follow the prescribed dosage and complete the entire course of the antibiotic, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.

Administration

Cefixime tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. They can be taken with or without food, although taking them with food may help reduce potential stomach upset. It is crucial to maintain consistent levels of the medication in the body, so doses should be taken at evenly spaced intervals.

Side Effects

Like all medications, Cefixime can cause side effects. Most are mild and transient, but some may be more severe. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia.
• Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, urticaria (hives), and, in rare cases, more severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
• Hematologic Effects: Transient changes in blood counts, including eosinophilia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
• Central Nervous System: Headaches, dizziness, and fatigue.
• Renal and Hepatic Effects: Elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and renal function tests (BUN, creatinine).

Severe Side Effects

While rare, severe side effects require immediate medical attention. These include:

• Severe Allergic Reactions: Signs include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and severe rash.
• Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea: Persistent diarrhea that can lead to severe colitis.
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A rare but serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes.
• Kidney Problems: Symptoms include changes in the amount of urine.

Precautions

Before taking Cefixime, consider the following precautions:

1. Allergy History: Inform your doctor if you have any allergies, particularly to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other drugs.
2. Medical History: Disclose any history of gastrointestinal disease (especially colitis), kidney disease, or liver disease.
3. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Cefixime should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is not known whether Cefixime passes into breast milk; consult your doctor before breastfeeding.
4. Drug Interactions: Be aware of potential interactions with other medications, including anticoagulants, probenecid, and certain vaccines (like typhoid vaccine).

Drug Interactions

Cefixime can interact with other medications, which may alter its effectiveness or increase the risk of adverse effects. Key interactions include:

• Anticoagulants: Cefixime may increase the effects of blood thinners like warfarin, raising the risk of bleeding.
• Probenecid: This medication can increase the concentration of Cefixime in the blood by reducing its renal excretion.
• Live Bacterial Vaccines: Antibiotics can diminish the effectiveness of live bacterial vaccines (e.g., typhoid vaccine).

Monitoring

While taking Cefixime, it is essential to monitor for signs of side effects and therapeutic effectiveness. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are advised to ensure the infection is responding to treatment and to manage any adverse effects promptly.

Overdose

In case of an overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures. Treatment typically involves supportive care and symptomatic management.

Storage

Store Cefixime tablets at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not store in the bathroom.

Conclusion

Cefixime is a potent antibiotic widely used to treat various bacterial infections. Its effectiveness, broad spectrum of activity, and generally well-tolerated nature make it a valuable tool in combating infections. However, like all medications, it is essential to use Cefixime responsibly, adhering to prescribed dosages and considering potential side effects and interactions. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment plans tailored to your specific health needs.

Also read: Loperamide Tablet: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More