Chlorpheniramine Tablet: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More

Chlorpheniramine is a widely used antihistamine that helps alleviate symptoms of allergies and the common cold. This medication, available in tablet form, is effective in reducing symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, and itching of the throat or nose. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on the uses, side effects, dosage, and precautions associated with chlorpheniramine tablets.

What is Chlorpheniramine?

Chlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine that works by blocking histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms. It belongs to the first-generation class of antihistamines, known for their sedative effects due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Chlorpheniramine is available over-the-counter (OTC) and by prescription, depending on the formulation and dosage.

Uses of Chlorpheniramine Tablets

Chlorpheniramine tablets are primarily used for the relief of allergy symptoms. These include:

1. Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever): Relief from symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
2. Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: Management of year-round allergy symptoms.
3. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Reducing redness and itching of the eyes due to allergies.
4. Common Cold: Alleviating symptoms like a runny nose and sneezing.
5. Other Allergic Reactions: Such as those caused by insect bites and stings, and reactions to certain foods or medications.

How to Take Chlorpheniramine Tablets

Chlorpheniramine tablets should be taken orally, with or without food. The dosage varies depending on age, the condition being treated, and individual response to the medication. It’s crucial to follow the instructions on the package or as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Typical Dosage

• Adults and Children 12 Years and Older: The usual dose is 4 mg every 4 to 6 hours, not exceeding 24 mg in 24 hours.
• Children 6 to 11 Years: The typical dose is 2 mg every 4 to 6 hours, not exceeding 12 mg in 24 hours.
• Children Under 6 Years: Not typically recommended unless directed by a healthcare provider.

Side Effects of Chlorpheniramine Tablets

Like all medications, chlorpheniramine can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects include:

1. Drowsiness: This is the most common side effect and can affect the ability to perform tasks requiring alertness, such as driving.
2. Dizziness: Can occur, especially when standing up quickly.
3. Dry Mouth, Nose, or Throat: A common anticholinergic effect of the medication.
4. Nausea and Vomiting: Some people may experience gastrointestinal discomfort.
5. Constipation: Another anticholinergic effect.

Less common but more serious side effects can include:

1. Difficulty Urinating: More likely in individuals with bladder obstruction.
2. Vision Problems: Such as blurred vision.
3. Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms like rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, and trouble breathing.

If any severe side effects or symptoms of an allergic reaction occur, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.

Precautions When Taking Chlorpheniramine

Several precautions should be considered before taking chlorpheniramine tablets:

1. Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider of any medical history, especially of breathing problems (such as asthma, emphysema), high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, seizures, stomach/intestinal problems (such as ulcers), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), difficulty urinating (due to enlarged prostate), and glaucoma.
2. Alcohol and Sedatives: Avoid alcohol and other sedatives, as they can increase drowsiness.
3. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider if pregnant or breastfeeding. Chlorpheniramine can pass into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant.
4. Interaction with Other Medications: Provide a list of all medications you are taking (including prescription, non-prescription, and herbal products) to your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions.
5. Operating Machinery: Due to its sedative effects, avoid operating heavy machinery or driving until you know how the medication affects you.

Drug Interactions

Chlorpheniramine can interact with other medications, which may alter its effectiveness or increase the risk of serious side effects. Some known interactions include:

1. MAO Inhibitors: Concurrent use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can lead to serious (possibly fatal) drug interactions.
2. CNS Depressants: Using chlorpheniramine with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, like alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids, can increase drowsiness and dizziness.
3. Other Antihistamines: Combining with other antihistamines can increase side effects.
4. Anticholinergic Drugs: Drugs with anticholinergic properties (such as atropine, scopolamine) can increase the risk of side effects like dry mouth and constipation.

Overdose

In the event of an overdose, immediate medical attention is required. Symptoms of overdose may include severe drowsiness, seizures, widened pupils, flushed face, fever, hallucinations, and possibly death. Prompt action is crucial for the best outcome.

Storage and Disposal

Store chlorpheniramine tablets at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not store in the bathroom. Properly dispose of the medication when it is expired or no longer needed, following guidelines from your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Conclusion

Chlorpheniramine tablets are a helpful medication for managing allergy symptoms and the common cold. While generally safe when used as directed, it is essential to follow dosage instructions, be aware of potential side effects, and take necessary precautions. Always consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions about using chlorpheniramine.

This guide provides a thorough overview, but individual needs and responses to medication can vary. Always rely on personalized advice from your healthcare provider to ensure the best and safest use of chlorpheniramine tablets.

Also read: Paracetamol Tablet: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More