Montelukast : Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, Precautions and More

Montelukast is a medication commonly prescribed to manage and prevent asthma symptoms and to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever). This comprehensive guide will provide detailed information about Montelukast tablets, including their uses, side effects, dosage, precautions, and more.

What is Montelukast?

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) that works by blocking substances called leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are chemicals in the body that are released during an allergic reaction, and they contribute to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. By inhibiting these chemicals, Montelukast helps to reduce inflammation and relax the airways, making it easier to breathe.

Uses of Montelukast Tablets

1. Asthma Management:
   • Prevention: Montelukast is used to prevent asthma attacks. It is particularly effective in preventing exercise-induced bronchospasm (tightening of the muscles around the airways).
   • Maintenance Therapy: It is often prescribed as a long-term treatment to control asthma symptoms, reducing the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.
2. Allergic Rhinitis:
   • Montelukast helps alleviate symptoms of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes.
3. Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB):
   • It is used to prevent breathing difficulties during or after exercise, especially in individuals with exercise-induced asthma.

Dosage of Montelukast Tablets

The dosage of Montelukast varies depending on the age of the patient and the condition being treated. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider.

1. Adults and Adolescents (15 years and older):
   • Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: 10 mg once daily, taken in the evening.
   • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 10 mg taken at least 2 hours before exercise. If taken daily for asthma or allergic rhinitis, an additional dose for exercise should not be taken.
2. Pediatric Patients (6-14 years):
   • Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: 5 mg chewable tablet once daily, taken in the evening.
   • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 5 mg taken at least 2 hours before exercise.
3. Pediatric Patients (2-5 years):
   • Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: 4 mg chewable tablet once daily, taken in the evening.
   • Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: 4 mg taken at least 2 hours before exercise.
4. Pediatric Patients (6 months – 23 months):
   • Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: 4 mg oral granules once daily, taken in the evening.

How to Take Montelukast

• Tablet Form: Swallow the tablet whole with water. Do not crush or chew the tablet.
• Chewable Tablet: Chew thoroughly before swallowing.
• Oral Granules: Can be taken directly by mouth or mixed with a spoonful of soft food such as applesauce, mashed carrots, or ice cream. Use within 15 minutes of opening the packet.

Side Effects of Montelukast Tablets

While Montelukast is generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects. Common side effects include:

1. Headache: One of the most frequently reported side effects.
2. Stomach Pain: Mild abdominal pain or discomfort.
3. Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal disturbances.
4. Cough: Respiratory symptoms, including a persistent cough.
5. Nasal Congestion: Stuffy or runny nose.

Less common but more serious side effects include:

1. Mood Changes: Anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts or actions.
2. Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, especially of the face/tongue/throat, severe dizziness, and trouble breathing.
3. Liver Problems: Symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, severe stomach/abdominal pain, and persistent nausea/vomiting.

If any of these severe side effects occur, seek medical attention immediately.

Precautions and Warnings

Before taking Montelukast, inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions or allergies you may have, especially:

1. Liver Disease: Montelukast is metabolized by the liver, and patients with liver disease may require adjusted doses.
2. Mental Health Conditions: Patients with a history of mental health issues should be closely monitored due to the potential for mood changes and suicidal thoughts.
3. Allergies: Inform your doctor if you have any known allergies to Montelukast or other medications.

Drug Interactions

Montelukast can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effects. Some notable interactions include:

1. Phenobarbital and Rifampin: These drugs can decrease the effectiveness of Montelukast.
2. Gemfibrozil: May increase the levels of Montelukast in the blood, potentially leading to increased side effects.

Always provide a complete list of medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to your healthcare provider to prevent potential interactions.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

• Pregnancy: Montelukast should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
• Breastfeeding: It is unknown if Montelukast passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding while taking this medication.

Overdose and Missed Dose

• Overdose: If an overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include severe abdominal pain, drowsiness, thirst, headache, vomiting, and hyperactivity.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store Montelukast tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets.

Conclusion

Montelukast tablets are an effective treatment option for managing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. By following the prescribed dosage and taking necessary precautions, most individuals can benefit from this medication with minimal side effects. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance regarding the use of Montelukast.

If you have any further questions or concerns about Montelukast tablets, don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider for more information.

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